话题:关于提前期的问题

2003-2-12 10:27:11【作者】 畅享网 【进入论坛】
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 wantflying
  
各位大虾:
我目前遇到一个疑惑,就是在做MRP时生成的Worker order 上的下达日期是根据提前期来计算的,但对于不同的生产类型他的提前期是如何来确定的?
 
 
  eyes
  
类似的产品、或不同的产品,她的提前期是根据不同的工艺流程(工艺路线)而计算出来的


 danielchen
  
提前期的英文是不是lead time?


 julianyang
  
daniel, yes.


 danielchen
  
Julian, then the question is about how to calculate lead time for ATO, MTO, CTO. I will leave the question to you.


 gzFisher
  
Not to me ? Hehe....
In fact, I don't know how to answer your question.
But i agree EYES 's option.


 danielchen
  

gzFisher, you can try. It does not hurt to try, right? Eyes has good point, but his answer is too general. (EYES, I assume you are a guy here).


 julianyang
  
Try to answer:
First let me introduce the production cycle time which can be divided five elements:
queue time --> set-up time --> run time --> wait time --> move time (to next work center) --> (queue time ......). I think this is what wantflying concerns.

Queue time is normally set at work center file. It's more effected by machine ultilization and input/output control.
Set-up time and run time are set at routing file. Set-up is more considerated when you have much change-over. Run time is related to lot size.

Set-up time and run time can be grouped into "operation time" because they really consume the capacity. The other three elements can be grouped into "inter-operation time".

Suppose you have only one change-over, the production cycle time can be calculated as following:
queue time + set-up time + (run time)*lotsize + wait time + move time.

Then let's come back for the total lead time,
For MTO(ATO) products: it's the length between the release of an (assembly) order to the production and shipment to the customer. (order preparation time + production cycle time + inspection time + put away time + shipping time).

For MTS products: it's ended with the receipt into finished goods inventory.


 gzFisher
  
说的很精细啊。多谢了。
只是 在MTO OR ATO情况下,由于提货或送货情况的不同(还有如货运方式的不同等),以及客户的不同(如远近等)等),这些情况造成根本就无法明确提前期,除非你能针对每一张单进行提前期的设定,因此总的提前期,个人认为应该到准备发运工作完毕时为止,不能算上SHIPPING TIME的。


 julianyang
  
yes, gzFisher, I agree with you to some extent.

It depends. You can imagin differnt company will have differnt definition. Manufacturing company will exclude the shipping time but shipping waiting time. But regional distribution center will take account of it.


 gzFisher
  
呵呵,说的对,但我更愿意到把地区物流中心的SHIPPING TIME算准备时间里,而只把对客户的发运时间当成SHIPPING TIME。
也就是说,直接对客户的运输时间才是SHIPPING TIME。企业的分销网络中的流动,不直接对客户的,不算SHIPPING TIME。
见笑,个人理解不同。 :)


 danielchen
  
To a munufacturer, the shippment normally happens when a forwarder pick up the the inventory at the shipping dock. (it is a common practice to outsource shippment to a third party in US). To a customer, the order lead time is from the moment he places an order till he receives the inventory. The 2 calculation might not equal each other. It does not matter how you categorize the shipping wait time, as long as you know the concept and understand what neeeds to be done to reduce lead time.


 julianyang
  
yes, "it does not matter how you categorize the shipping wait time".

The key is that the top management should find a right owner who will be responsible for the process and care this time. In our group, the situation is just like daniel said. Goods flow is from manufacture, Regional Distribution Centre, to customer. Manufacture side and RDC will be responsible for different parts in the whole supply chain. The group is looking forward to the business excellence of the total chain.


 wantflying
  
但是对于国内传统劳动密集型的制造业,生产自动化程度不是太高,他们的各routing 的queue time, set-up time, run time , wait time, move time不是很标准,那么如何确定他的Lead time 呢?如果制定的Lead time不准,那么MRP产生的order对实际生产有何意义呢?我认为在企业上MRP时,这是系统成败的一个很棘手的问题,不知是否有较好的解决办法?


 wantflying
  
但是对于国内传统劳动密集型的制造业,生产自动化程度不是太高,他们的各routing 的queue time, set-up time, run time , wait time, move time不是很标准,那么如何确定他的Lead time 呢?如果制定的Lead time不准,那么MRP产生的order对实际生产有何意义呢?我认为在企业上MRP时,这是系统成败的一个很棘手的问题,不知是否有较好的解决办法?


 epicor
  
re: all
wantflying 说的lead time是指MRP计算建议下达日期用的lead time,它不是指总提前期,当然也就不包括SHIPPING TIME等,这些是计算需求日期时需要考虑的

gzFisher 说的
只是 在MTO OR ATO情况下,由于提货或送货情况的不同(还有如货运方式的不同等),以及客户的不同(如远近等)等),这些情况造成根本就无法明确提前期,除非你能针对每一张单进行提前期的设定,因此总的提前期,个人认为应该到准备发运工作完毕时为止,不能算上SHIPPING TIME的。
re: 软件对客户订单一般有二个日期设置:客户需求日期和发运日期,MRP是把发运日期作为JOB ORDER的需求日期的

re:wantflying
确实不太标准,但有办法回避的
首先,生产时间是完全可以确定的,这必须标准
其次,准备时间,如果有调试模具或预热之类的工序,其实企业一般都可以知道一个大概
对等待时间、移动时间和排队时间,因为与生产的批量、移动批量、订单量的大小等都有关系,虽然一般的软件都有这些设置,但实际上是很难设置的,制造业的特性决定了这些都是变量,这也是MRP过时论的主要依据,但是我们可以把这些进行整合后使用:如果其中某项的时间相对其他时间较长,那么对生产来说,这极有可能就是瓶颈,那该时间就需要设置(当然对瓶颈的数据,企业一般都有可量化的数值);如果其他时间相对生产时间都相对较短,可以根据经验全部汇总到设置时间

提前期也属于基础数据,其准确性很重要,当然软件也应该通过运行来检查其准确性,通常的做法是根据完工报告的反馈进行分析,然后将一段时间的数据平均后作为参考数据反填。(当然该功能需要软件支持,如果软件不支持,你也通过分析得到更准确的数据)

如果还有问题,请联系 erp2@eyou.com (By the way: 我现在很少到这里)

 

 gzFisher
  
epicor,你真的蛮会说话。 呵呵......

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